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## The force field (.ff) file

All the lines beginning with ``#'' are considered as commentaries.

The file consists of a number of sections; each beginning with a keyword. Each new keyword means the end of the old section and beginning of the new one corresponding to this keyword. All energies are given in and distances in .

- `BONDS`

  Contains parameters for covalent bonds. Each line consists of four or six parameters. The first two parameters are the force field atom types. The third parameter is the force constant of the harmonic potential (4) and the fourth parameter is the equilibrium distance . The presence of 5-th and 6-th parameters means that the corresponding bond should be described by a Morse potential, they have a sense of and parameters of the Morse potential (5) correspondingly.

- `ANGLES`

  Contains parameters for covalent bonds. Each line consists of 5 or 7 parameters. The first three parameters are the force field atom types. The fourth parameter is the equilibrium angle, the 5th parameter is the force constant . The 6-th and 7-th parameters are optional, if they are present, they define the Urey-Bradley (UB) potential which is in fact a distance-dependent harmonic potential between 1st and 3rd atoms. The equilibrium distance for UB potential is given as a 6-th parameter and the force constant as a 7-th. `makemol` puts the UB term into the ``bond'' section of the `.mmol` file.

- `TORSIONS`

  Contains parameters for torsion potentials of ``standard'' type (7). Each line consists of 7 parameters, the first four define the force field atom types, and parameters from 5-th to 7-th are , and correspondingly.

  This section allows definition of multiple torsions and wildcards (denotes as ``X''). The wildcards can be used only for the 1st and 4-th atoms in the list. The following rules are applied. If an explicit torsion (without wildcards) is specified, lines with wildcards matching this torsion are ignored. If lines with explicit torsions are repeated for the same set of atom types, they define multiple torsions, that is the total torsion potential is a sum of several terms of type (7).

- `NONBONDED`

  Contains Lennard-Jones parameters for non-bonded interactions. Each line consists of 3 or 5 parameters. The first parameter is the force field atom type. The second and third parameters are and of the Lennard-Jones potential. If the 4-th and 5-th parameters are present, they define and parameters for 1-4 Lennard-Jones interactions.

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