A Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Ion Distribution and Osmotic Pressure 
in Hexagonally Oriented DNA.
J.Phys.Chem. v.99, p.10373-82 (1995) 
Alexander P. Lyubartsev and 
 Lars Nordenskiold
(Division of Physical Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 
S-106 91, Stockholm, SWEDEN)
	
Abstract.
	The electrostatic osmotic pressure in a system of hexagonally 
packed DNA molecules has been calculated with the Monte Carlo (MC) 
simulation method. The DNA molecules were modeled as hard cylinders with 
charged groups located at the sites corresponding to B-DNA, with the ions 
considered as point charges with repulsive r-12 potentials, and the solvent 
treated as a dielectric medium. Periodic boundary conditions for a hexagonal 
cell were used with Ewald summation of the electrostatic interactions. 
The pressure was calculated from the relation P=-DF/DV, where differences 
of free energies F, were obtained with the expanded ensemble method. The 
calculations were carried out both for salt free solutions and for solutions 
containing added salt; in the latter case the simulations were performed 
within the grand canonical ensemble. In the system with only monovalent 
ions, the forces between DNA were found to be always repulsive. In the case 
of divalent counterions, an effective attraction between DNA molecules may 
appear for distances of 5-15 between the surfaces, depending on the ion 
size and salt concentration. The results of the simulations showed that a 
correct statistical-mechanical treatment of the electrostatic interactions 
in the frame of a continuum dielectric model, can reproduce the essential 
features of available experimental data, indicating that this contribution 
to the pressure is an important contributor to the experimentally observed 
presurre versus distance curves for ordered DNA.